Quality Assessment of Date Fruit (as Sweetener) and Date Seed Powder (as an alternative to Coffee)
Keywords:
Date fruit, Sweetener, Coffee, Date Seed, Mineral contents, Phytochemicals
Abstract
Purpose:The objective of this study was to produce and investigate the quality of date fruit powder (as sweetener) and date seed (as alternative to coffee).
Methodology:Date fruit was dried and compared with other sweeteners and coded; date fruit SWD, honey SWH and sugar SWS. These were analysed for mineral content (Fe, Ca, K, Mg and Zn) and sugar (Glucose, Fructose and Sucrose). Date seed sample were roasted using oven and traditional method and compared with a commercial brand coffee and coded as follow: oven method ROD, traditional method RTD and Nescafe RTN, Mineral content (Fe, Ca, K, Mg, Mn and Zn) and phytochemical profiling (Caffeine, Flavonoid and Alkaloid) was conducted on the samples.
Findings:The result for the mineral content of date fruit powder and other sweeteners showed that date fruit had the highest content of potassium and appreciable amount of other minerals except magnesium. Values are Fe 6.53-14.39mg/100g, Ca 0.61-1.16mg/100g, K 0.57-1.31mg/100g and Zn 1.21-1.56mg/100g. Sugar content values are Sucrose 5.23-99.32%, Glucose 0.01-37.54% and Fructose 0.01-29.21%. Date seed powder phytochemical profiling showed that commercial brand (RTN) had the highest amount of caffeine and alkaloids while the ROD (oven roasted) had the highest value of phenol. Mineral content for date seed samples and commercial brand ranged as follows Fe 2.45-3.45 mg/100g, Ca 5.18- 28.32mg/100g, K 56.19 – 83.19mg/100g, Mg 2.02 – 4.31 mg/100g, Mn 4.13 – 5.37mg/100g and Zn 8.77 – 18.33 mg/100g. ROD had the highest values for Fe and Mg while RTD scored high in Ca, K and Zn compared to commercial brand.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy:Date fruit can be adopted as sweetener in place of other natural sweeteners while date seed powder can be used in place of coffee with lesser caffeine content and improved mineral content.
References
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7. Aljaloud, S,Colleran, H., and Ibrahim, S. (2020) Nutritional Value of Date Fruits and Potential Use in Nutritional Bars for Athletes. Food and Nutrition Sciences. 11: 463-480.
8. AmanyM. B,, ShakerMA, Abeer AK (2012) Antioxidant activities of date pits in a model meat system. Int Food Res J 19: 223–227.
9. Anderson, J.W.; Baird, P.; Davis, R.H.; Ferreri, S.; Knudtson, M.; Koraym, A.; Waters, V.; Williams, C.L. (2009). Health benefits of dietary fiber. Nutr. Rev. 2009, 67, 188–205. (CrossRef) (PubMed)
10. AOAC (2000). Association of official analytical chemists. Official method is of Association of Analytical Chemists.International17th edition. Horowitz Maryland. 200; 1: 12-20
11. Assirey, E.A. (2015) Nutritional composition of fruit of 10 date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars grown in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Taibah University of Science. 9: 75–79.
12. Ayad, A., El-Rab, D., Shahbazi, A., Worku, M., Schimmel, K., Ejimakor, G., Zimmerman, T. and Ibrahim, S.A. (2016) Using Date Palm (Phoenixdactylifera L.) By-Products to Cultivate Lactobacillus reuteri spp. Journal of Food Research. 5: 77-81.
13. Baliga, M. S,Baliga BRV, Kandathil SM, et al. (2011) A review of the chemistry and pharmacology of the date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Food Res Int 44: 1812–1822
14. Bektashi, N.L., Abazi, D., Popovska, O., Latifi, A., and Reka, A.A., (2021). Characterization Of Honey: Determination Of Metal, Sugar, Acid And Moisture Content Characterization Of Honey Content. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology. 8(10) : 14657 - 14663.
15. BesbesS,Blecker C, Deroanne C, Drira NE, and Attia, H., (2004) Date seeds: chemical composition and characteristic profiles of the lipid fraction. Food Chem., 84: 577-584
16. Bouaziz MA, Amara WB, Attia H, et al. (2010) Effect of the addition of defatted date seeds on wheat dough performance and bread quality. J Texture Stud 41: 511–531
17. Cano, B.C, Felsner M.L, Bruns R.E, Matos J.R. and Almeida-Muradian, L.B. (2006). Optimization of Mobile Phase for Separation of Carbohydrates in Honey by High Performance Liquid Chromatography using a Mixture Design. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society. 17: 588-593.
18. Chigayo, K., Mojapelo, P.E.L., Mnyakeni-Moleele, S., and Misihairabgwi, J.M. (2016). Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of different solvent extracts of Kirkiawilmsii tubers. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 6(12): 1037-1043.
19. Coolhorn, A.F., and Adetoun, L.H. (2016). Physicochemical Analysis and Mineral Contents of Honey from Farmers in Western States of Nigeria.Journal of Natural Sciences Research. 6(19): 78 – 84
20. Cseke, L.J., Kirakosyan, A., Kaufman, P.B., Warber, S., Duke, J.A. and Brielmann, H.L. (2016): Natural products from plants. CRC press; 2016.
21. Dghaim, R., Hammami, Z., Al Ghali, R., Smail, L., and Haroun, D. (2021). The Mineral Composition of Date Palm Fruits (PhoenixdactyliferaL.) under Low to High Salinity Irrigation. Molecules. 26, 7361: 1 – 14
22. Dias, J.S., (2012) Major Classes of Phytonutriceuticals in Vegetables and Health Benefits: A Review. Journal of Nutritional Therapeutics. 1: 31-62.
23. Diego, M., Tiffany, F., Maria H.R., Yanexy V., Karla G., and Adolfo, C.G.J. (2008). Child Adolesc. Subst. Abuse. 17(2): 41 -49.
24. Dinc, E., and Baleanu, D. (2002). Two new spectrophotometric approaches to the multi-component analysis of the acetaminophen and caffeine in tablets by classical least-squares and principal component regression techniques. IlFarmaco. 57: 33-37
25. El Sheikh, D.M.; El-Kholany, E.A.; Kamel, S.M. (2014). Nutritional value, cytotoxicity, anti-carcinogenic and beverage evaluation of roasted date pits. World J. Dairy Food Sci. 2014, 9, 308–316
26. Erdal, G., Esengün, K., Erdal, H. and Gündüz, O. (2007). Energy use and economical analysis of sugar beet production in Tokat province of Turkey. Energy. 32: 35-41.
27. FAO/WHO (2018) Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food. Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Working Group on Drafting Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food, London Ontario, Canada, April 30 and May 1, 2002. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy; World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland.
28. Fikry, M., Yusof, Y. A.,Alawaadih, A. M., Rahman R. A.,Chin, N. L. and Chang, L. S.(2019 )Moisture Transfer Kinetics during roasting of palm date seed ( Phoenix dactylifera) Pertanika T. Sci. Technol. 2019 Food Engineering, 80: 1-10
29. Ghnimi, S., Umer, S., Karim, A. and Kamal-Eldin, A. (2017) Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.): An Underutilized Food Seeking Industrial Valorization. NFS Journal. 6: 1-10.
30. Habib, H.M., Platat, C., Meudec, E. et al. (2014). Polyphenolic compounds in date fruit seed (Phoenix dactylifera): characterisation and quantification by using UPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS. Journal of Food Science and Agriculture. 94: 1084–1089.
31. Hamada JS, Hashim IB, Sharif FA (2002) Preliminary analysis and potential uses of date pits in foods. Food Chem 76: 135–137.
32. Havsteen, B.H. (2002). The biochemistry and medical significance of the flavonoids. PharmacolTher 96: 67-202.
33. Hossain, M. Z., Waly, M. I., Singh, V., Sequeira, V., & Rahman, M. S. (2014). Chemical composition of date-pits and its potential for developing value-added product - A review. Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences, 64(4), 215-226. https://doi.org/10.2478/pjfns-2013-0018
34. Hu, F.B. (2013). Resolved: there is sufficient scientific evidence that decreasing sugar‐sweetened beverage consumption will reduce the prevalence of obesity and obesity‐related diseases. Obesity Reviews. 14: 606-619.
35. Ioannidou, M.D, Zachariadis G.A., Anthemidis, A.N. and Stratis, J.A. (2005). Direct determination of toxic trace metals in honey and sugars using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Talanta. 65: 92–97
36. Ismail, B.,Haffar, I., Baalbaki, R., Mechref, Y., and Henry, J., (2006). Physico-chemical characteristics and total quality of five date varieties grown in the United Arab Emirates. Int. J. Food Sci. Tech., 41: 919-926
37. Jackson, R.D., LaCroix, A.Z., and Gass, M., (2006). Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of fractures. New Engl. J. Med., 354: 669-683.
38. Jacob, A.G., Etong, D.I., and Tijjani, A. (2015). Proximate, Mineral and Anti-nutritional Compositions of Melon (Citrulluslanatus) Seeds. British Journal of Research.. 2(5): 142- 151.
39. Kim, N.C., and Kinghorn, A.D., (2002).Highly sweet compounds of plant origin.Arch pharm Res., 25, 725-46
40. Kristjansson, A.L., Sigfusdottir, I.D., Frost, S.S., James, J.E., Inga, D.S., Stephanie S.F. and Jack, E.J. (2013). J. Youth Adolesc., 42(7): 1053-1062.
41. Larrauri, J.A., Borroto, B., Perdomo, U., and Tabares, Y. (1995). Alimentaria, 260: 23-25.
42. Manickavasagan, A. (2012). Dates-production, processing, food and medicinal values, CRC Press, London, Chapter 22, pp. 351
43. Margaret, Z., Maissam, G. and Seba, H. (2018). Sugars: Types and Their Functional Properties in Food and Human Health. International Journal of Public Health Research. 6(4): 93-99.
44. Maryani, Y., Khastini, R.O., Kurniawan, T., Saraswati, I., Rochmat, A. and Kurniawan, T. (2019). Identification of Macro Elements (Sucrose, Glucose and Fructose) and Micro-elements (Metal Minerals) in the Products of Palm Sugar, Coconut Sugar and Sugarcane. Advances in Biological Sciences Research. 9: 271 – 274.
45. MohdZainol, M.K., Abdul-Hamid, A., Abu Bakar, F. and Pak Dek, S. (2009). Effect of different drying methods on the degradation of selected flavonoids in Centellaasiatica. .International Food Research Journal.16: 531–537.
46. Nadeem, M., Qureshi, T.M., Ugulu, I., Riaz, M.N., Ulain, Q., Khan, Z.I., Ahmad, K., Ashfaq, A., Bashir, H. and Dogan, Y. (2019). Mineral, vitamin and phenolic contents and sugar profiles of some prominent date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) varieties of Pakistan..Pakistan Journal of Botany. 51(1): 171-178
47. Nageh, S. M., Omran, A.M., Salman, Abu-zaid, A.K. (2020). The Bee honey as an Indicator to Environmental pollution by Heavy metals in South Egypt, Egypt. Journal of SohagAgriscience (JSAS). 1: 80-95
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Published
2023-09-30
How to Cite
Afolake, S. B., Victoria, T. T., & Olaitan, A. Z. (2023). Quality Assessment of Date Fruit (as Sweetener) and Date Seed Powder (as an alternative to Coffee). IJO - International Journal of Agriculture and Research ( ISSN 2814-189X ), 6(09), 15-41. Retrieved from https://www.ijojournals.com/index.php/ar/article/view/729
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