Ameloblastoma: from benign to malignant about a case report at the Hospital Center Soavinandrina Antananarivo (CENHOSOA)
Abstract
Ameloblastoma is a common odontogenic tumor of the maxillae in developing countries such as Africa. It is a benign tumor, but highly invasive, recurrent and potentially malignant. The aim of this study was to share clinical experience of a rare case of ameloblastoma that had become malignant, and to determine the probable causes of this transformation. This is a retrospective study covering a 20-year period from 2002 to 2021. Six cases were identified, but only one met our inclusion criteria. All parameters were reported for comparison with the literature. Our patient was a 48-year-old adult who came to us in 2002 with a recurrence of right mandibular ameloblastoma. A total of six operations were performed on this patient, and on each occasion, the technique adopted was enucleation, which is a conservative surgery. The clinic is characterized by the absence of pain at its onset, becoming painful at the cancerous stage. The initial CT scan suggested well-limited, monogeneodic tissue osteolysis, then mixed polygeodic, then poorly limited with invasion into neighbouring tissues, and finally with lymph node and lung metastases. Chemotherapy was administered, but the patient did not survive. When faced with a recurrent ameloblastoma, radical surgery of the interrupting osteotomy or non-interrupting type would be the best indication to avoid multi-recurrence and malignant transformation.
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