IJO- International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ( E:ISSN 2811-2466 ) (P.ISSN: 2384-6097)

The Age of Universality

2026-02-17T05:31:48+00:00

The argument advanced in this article is the view that humanity is entering upon an age of universality. The term ‘universality’ is not used in the sense of all the circumstances of humanity being universal in every respect; this is of course an impossibility given the great diversity of the human race in terms of culture, language, nationality, religion and belief, etc. And humanity is still divided into membership of different national institutional arrangements and forms of governance, although increasingly these are being transcended by cross-border connections, institutions and laws. The argument accepts that all humanity is one human species and hence are members of one race and are increasingly seen as such. But more than that, it argues that that one human race is now participating in a process that is entering upon a new age in which the many factors that go to make up that one race are experiencing ever increasing degrees of connections and commonalities. These connections and commonalities have now reached a stage such that the interdependence of that one race is becoming an established fact[1]. Increasingly there is an emerging universality of factors applicable to all humanity despite the differences already mentioned. It is not uncommonly observed that the world of humanity is becoming a global village[2]. And that universality is increasingly being reflected in a consciousness on the part of many people of the depth of these connections and commonalities. Despite a resurgence of national consciousness and some rise of opposition to globalization, which as Zakaria points out produces its discontents and the possibility of revolutions[1], it is argued that the overall trend towards universality is now set in place.

ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE AND ADMINISTRATIVE EFFICIENCY OF GOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN NIGERIA: Implications for Sustainable Development

2026-03-16T21:05:52+00:00

Government Agencies around the world are being challenged to provide services that are efficient, transparent, accountable and citizen centric especially on developing economies where institutional capacity limitations prevail. This study explores the relationship between organizational structure, administrative performance and sustainability development outcomes, considering digital governance as a moderator. Based on Weberian Bureaucracy, Contingency Theory, Agency Theory, Institutional Theory and New Public Management, organisational structure is conceptualised as Centralisation; Formalisation; Specialisation and Hierarchical Complexity. Data were collected from senior staff from ministries, departments and agencies of government in Nigeria and analysed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Findings suggest that organization structure is a statistically significant predictor of administrative effectiveness which then has a strong impact on sustainable development results. Administrative efficiency partially mediates the structural design performance relation, and digital governance enhances the positive relationship between structural design and performance. Differences between ministries and autonomous agencies are shown by multigroup analysis, indicating that institutional heterogeneity is apparent. The positive effect of digital transformation on organisational effectiveness and institutional capacity building in resource-rich developing context has been shown by the results. By weaving together, the literature on organisational theory and digital governance, the study contributes insights into how ICT-enabled reform can promote Sustainable Development Goal 16 for effective institutions.